ON the dusty outskirts of Nairobi, a bold urban experiment is taking shape. Just 20 kilometres from Kenya’s congested capital, Tatu City is emerging from savannah grassland into what its backers hope will become Africa’s most successful private smart city.
Spread across 5,000 acres, the city boasts its own power grid, water systems, planning rules and security staff. Tatu is more than a housing estate or a commercial park—it is a self-contained, investor-led urban model with ambitions to one day house a quarter of a million residents.
‘We want to create a small Europe here,’ a traffic enforcer told The Christian Science Monitor, a nod to the project’s European-style town planning, clean streets, and strict local rules—including a 25mph speed limit and a ban on littering.
Urban pressures fuel the rise of private cities
Tatu City is part of a growing wave of satellite cities popping up across Africa as governments and developers grapple with the continent’s urbanisation surge. According to UN Habitat, more than 60 percent of Africa’s urban population lives in informal settlements. With Nairobi’s population projected to hit 10 million by 2030, the need for structured, sustainable urban development is urgent.
Unlike many state-led urban expansion projects, Tatu is privately owned and managed by Rendeavour, a real estate investment firm with backing from US, British, Norwegian and New Zealand investors. Since its groundbreaking over a decade ago, over $115 million has been spent on infrastructure alone. The total investment is projected to exceed $1.53bn.
Jobs, homes, and global capital
As of early 2025, Tatu City hosts around 90 operational companies and 5,000 residents. Together, these firms provide employment for about 15,000 people. Anchor tenants include CCI Global, which runs a 5,000-seat business process outsourcing centre, and Zhende Medical, a Chinese medical equipment manufacturer.
The city also features modern educational institutions like Crawford International School, a daily farmers’ market, and neighbourhoods such as Kijani Ridge, where multi-bedroom villas overlook green zones. Still, the cost of living in Tatu remains high for most Kenyans—a one-bedroom flat starts at around $45,500, while the average annual income remains below $2,000, according to World Bank data.
This economic divide raises concerns about whether such projects risk becoming exclusive enclaves for elites and expatriates.
Private rules, public questions
What truly sets Tatu apart is its governance. While subject to national law, the city has autonomy to enforce its own rules on construction standards, business operations and traffic management. Visitors are greeted by guards who issue rule cards at the gate—an unusual practice in Kenya’s urban fabric.
Tatu’s status as a Special Economic Zone (SEZ) allows for generous tax incentives to investors, including VAT exemptions, reduced corporate taxes, and streamlined import procedures. Critics argue this gives foreign investors too much power over local planning. But proponents say it’s a necessary trade-off to attract long-term capital.
‘We offer predictability, security, and infrastructure. That’s what modern businesses are looking for,’ said a Rendeavour spokesperson.
Plugged into Nairobi—but not of it
One of Tatu’s biggest advantages is location. Unlike other smart cities such as Konza Technopolis, which is being built more than 70 kilometres away, Tatu plugs directly into Nairobi’s labour pool, business networks, and airport infrastructure.
However, most of the people who work in Tatu City do not live there. Long daily commutes remain common, especially for those priced out of the city’s residential offerings.
Infrastructure within the city is notably advanced by local standards. Roads are wide and well-maintained, there are fibre-optic internet links, and Tatu boasts its own water treatment plant and electricity grid. Plans are underway to introduce electric vehicle charging stations and solar energy microgrids in the next development phase.
Model for the continent—or mirage?
Tatu City has attracted attention across Africa as a potential model for privately built urbanism. Similar initiatives are underway in Nigeria (Eko Atlantic), Ghana (Appolonia City), Rwanda (Vision City), and even Ethiopia. The model is particularly appealing in countries where public infrastructure lags far behind demand.
Yet, questions remain. Can Tatu City scale equitably to reach its goal of 250,000 residents? Can it avoid becoming a gated bubble disconnected from Kenya’s wider social reality? And will the next wave of African smart cities be as ambitious—and inclusive?
‘What we are witnessing is the future of African cities being negotiated in real time,’ says urban policy researcher Jane Wambui at the University of Nairobi. ‘But the future must work for everyone—not just those with money.’
Cautious optimism amid complexity
Tatu City’s developers acknowledge the challenges ahead. Scaling up population, ensuring affordability, and sustaining investor interest across decades will not be easy. But they remain confident that the city’s blend of master planning, infrastructure control, and proximity to Nairobi will eventually bear fruit.
For now, Tatu stands as a glimmering example of what’s possible when ambition meets investment—and a test case for how African cities can be built differently in the 21st century.
